基于植被信息遥感反演的东亚飞蝗监测研究     

吴彤  倪绍祥  李云梅  蒋建军  陈健 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(2):25-29

植被是东亚飞蝗发生和成灾的重要指示因子。运用遥感技术对植被生长进行监测,对东亚飞蝗的预测和防治具有重要意义。以河北省黄骅市为研究区,利用实地获取的植被冠层孔隙度数据反算的LAI数据以及Landsat-5 TM影像提取的各种VI数据,进行了LAI(LAI-2000改进型算法的反算结果)与TM影像上反演的VI之间的相关分析。结果表明,RDVI最适合反映研究区植被生长状况。分析RDVI与飞蝗发生面积的关系,发现两者呈负线性相关,即随着RDVI减小,飞蝗的发生面积呈线性增大。  相似文献   

P2P环境中的全局空间数据目录研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

马修军  刘晨  谢昆青  李晨煜  雷小锋  高勇  陈斌 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(3):22-25

P2P计算通过大量自治的节点协作共享资源与计算,为空间数据和空间操作的分布提供了新的分布式计算模式。分布在不同Peer上的空间数据库节点通过P2P协作构成一个超级全局空间数据库,全局空间数据目录是P2P环境下快速定位空间数据资源和空间计算节点的关键技术。Peer数据库节点的数据模式、元数据、资源状态参数等抽象为一系列关键词集合。全局目录基于Peer空间数据库节点的外包矩形进行动态聚类并建立P2P环境下的空间索引,支持Peer空间数据库节点的动态加入和退出,支持复杂空间查询和关键词查询。该文给出了全局空间数据目录的组织模型、P2P空间数据索引及空间资源发现算法。  相似文献   

区域生态安全动态变化及空间差异定量分析:以陕北黄土高原为例     

李晶  任志远  周自翔 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(2):251-256

1 Introduction Ecological security is defined as the goal of stakeholders to create a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock (Chen, 2002; Wachernagel et al.,…  相似文献   

山丘平原过渡区土壤重金属污染特征及评价——以四川省五通桥区为例     

杜波  杨万勤张健 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):82-87

采集和分析了五通桥区不同功能区和乡镇73个土壤样品，以了解山丘平原过渡区土壤重金属的含量和污染特征。结果表明，重金属的平均含量为Pb32．18mg／kg、Cd0．82mg／kg、Cu28．61mg／kg、Zn108．08mg／kg、Ni32．66mg／kg、Cr72．44mg／kg；与四川土壤背景值相比，Cu、Ni、Cr的含量与之持平，Pb增加了0．11倍，Zn增加了0．32倍，Cd的积累较为严重，比背景值增加了10倍。污染评价结果显示该过渡区存在一定程度的重金属污染问题，不同功能区的污染程度排序为工业区〉生活区〉农业区。Cd在六种元素的土壤污染分担率中占55．46％，是最主要的污染元素；土壤Cd含量与Pb和Zn存在较高的相关性（相关系数为0．525和0．500），表明存在Pb—Cd和Zn—Cd的复合污染。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地土地利用与耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

张华  季媛  苗苗 《干旱区地理》2006,29(6):861-866

土壤风蚀造成的直接生态后果是土地资源的退化。在春播前两次沙尘暴事件中,对科尔沁沙地几种具有代表性的土地类型的土壤风蚀量及土壤特性进行了野外测定、分析,结果表明:(1)在同一沙尘暴天气下,由于土地利用和耕作方式的不同,土壤风蚀量存在着差异,新垦农地和翻耕农地的风蚀量显著高于未垦草地、免耕农地和麻黄地;免耕农地则与未垦草地的风蚀量相差不大,风蚀危害较轻;麻黄地几乎不受风蚀侵害。新垦农地、翻耕农地、免耕农地、未垦草地、麻黄地两次观测的土壤风蚀量平均值依次为24.59、15.60、2.26、1.46和0.22 g/h.cm2。(2)基于土壤特性计算的土壤退化指数结果表明,新垦农地和翻耕农地发生了较为严重的退化。  相似文献   

全球及区域模式中陆面过程的地表植被覆盖分类方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚凤梅  张佳华 《干旱区地理》2006,29(6):872-877

全球和区域尺度上陆面生态系统与气候密切相关。全球和区域模式的发展对于我们认识气候与陆地生态的变化起到重要作用。在这些模型中，植被覆盖是影响大气-植被间热量、水分和CO2等交换的重要陆面参数。在分析了陆地植被覆盖分类原理基础上，介绍了目前全球不同植被覆盖分类方案，包括基于地基观测的植被分布、基于生物气候特征的分类方案（如：Holdridge的方案）；特别近年来陆面过程试验表明，各种遥感数据源（如：NOAA—AVHRR，EOS—MODIS，Landsat—TM）等为我们提供了有利的工具来监测全球植被动态，完善植被分类，并且采用高时空分辨率的全球土地覆盖状况特征，在不同时空尺度揭示植被-大气相互作用。本文分析了代表性的3种基于卫星遥感技术的陆面植被分类方案，分别是BATS（18类）、SIB（9类）、SIB2（12类）和BIOME—BGC（31类）陆地模式的植被覆盖分类方案．最后分析了目前可用于全球植被覆盖分类的新的遥感数据库。  相似文献   

侵蚀红壤植被恢复后土壤呼吸日动态及日呼吸速率测定方法比较     

谢锦升  杨玉盛  曾宏达  杨智杰  黄石德  岳辉 《福建地理》2006,(4)

采用密闭室红外气体分析仪法(IRGA法)观测了中亚热带红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复后不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日动态变化,并比较了IRGA法与碱吸收法(AA法)测定的土壤呼吸速率.结果表明:侵蚀裸地植被恢复后土壤呼吸速率日动态呈单峰曲线,与土壤温度的昼夜变化基本一致,最高值一般出现在午后13∶00~17∶00,最低值出现在凌晨3∶00~7∶00;植被恢复显著提高了土壤日呼吸速率,但明显降低了土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度;马尾松林对土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度降低程度高于板栗园和百喜草地,且对夏季的降低程度影响最大.而IRGA法和AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率具有显著的幂函数关系,AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率为IRGA法的27.5%~218%,平均为76.2%.当土壤呼吸速率较低时,AA法比IRGA法高估了土壤呼吸速率;反之,AA法则低估了土壤呼吸速率.  相似文献   

Time domain Gauss–Newton seismic waveform inversion in elastic media     

Dong-Hoon Sheen  Kagan Tuncay  Chang-Eob Baag  Peter J. Ortoleva 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1373-1384

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Geomorphic effects of rural-to-urban land use conversion on three streams in the Central Redbed Plains of Oklahoma   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Ranbir S. Kang  Richard A. Marston   《Geomorphology》2006,79(3-4):488

This research evaluates the impact of rural-to-urban land use conversion on channel morphology and riparian vegetation for three streams in the Central Redbed Plains geomorphic province (central Great Plains ecoregion) of Oklahoma. The Deep Fork Creek watershed is largely urbanized; the Skeleton Creek watershed is largely rural; and the Stillwater Creek watershed is experiencing a rapid transition from rural to urban land cover. Each channel was divided into reaches based on tributary junctions, sinuosity, and slope. Field surveys were conducted at transects in a total of 90 reaches, including measurements of channel units, channel cross-section at bankfull stage, and riparian vegetation. Historical aerial photographs were available for only Stillwater Creek watershed, which were used to document land cover in this watershed, especially changes in the extent of urban areas (impervious cover).The three streams have very low gradients (< 0.001), width-to-depth ratios < 10, and cohesive channel banks, but have incised into red Permian shales and sandstone. The riparian vegetation is dominated by cottonwoods, ash, and elm trees that provide a dense root mat on stream banks where the riparian vegetation is intact. Channels increased in width and depth in the downstream direction as is normally expected, but the substrate materials and channel units remained unchanged. Statistical analyses demonstrated that urbanization did not explain spatial patterns of changes in any variables. These three channels in the central Redbed Plains are responding as flumes during peak flows, funneling runoff and the wash-load sediment downstream in major runoff events without any effect on channel dimensions. Therefore, local geological conditions (similar bedrock, cohesive substrates and similar riparian vegetation) are mitigating the effects of urbanization.  相似文献   

Surface pollen and its relationship to vegetation on the southern slope of the eastern Qilian Mountains     

LU Xinmiao  CHEN Hui  XU Qinghai 《地理学报》2006,16(2):215-222

The objective of this study is to investigate pollen-vegetation relationship in the Qilian Mountains. The eastern Qilian Mountains are located in the transitional zone of the Tibetan Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the arid region of Northwest China, which is one of the key areas of global environmental change. A total of 13 surface pollen samples from main vegetation have been collected. Pollen percentages were calculated in all samples. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation types from which the soil samples have been collected, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) ordination method was employed on the pollen data. The results show that dominating vegetation types can be recognized by their pollen spectra: Picea crassifolia forest, alpine shrub and alpine meadow as well. Altitude and temperature determine the distribution of the surface pollen and the vegetation. The good agreement between modern vegetation and surface samples across this area provides a measure of the reliability of using pollen data to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleovegetation patterns in this or other similar regions. However the loss of Betula pollen in forest needs further investigation. Pollen oxidation is the most important factor contributing to the damage of modern pollen in the study area. Pollen concentrations decrease with the increase of pH values of soils, and decrease sharply when the pH exceeds 7.6.  相似文献